Air pollution has slowly become part of everyday life in India. We talk about it during winters, complain about smog, share AQI screenshots, and then move on. But in 2025, air pollution is no longer a seasonal inconvenience. It is a serious and ongoing health issue that affects people across age groups, cities, and income levels.
The problem is not just about visibility or discomfort. It is about long-term damage to our lungs, heart, and overall health.
How Serious Is Air Pollution in India Right Now?
Recent data shows that air pollution continues to have a major impact on public health in India.
According to the State of Global Air 2025 report, nearly 2 million deaths in India were linked to air pollution exposure in 2023. Most of these deaths were caused by long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, especially PM2.5.
The World Health Organization recommends that average annual PM2.5 levels should not exceed 5 micrograms per cubic metre. In many Indian cities, pollution levels are several times higher than this limit for most of the year.
Source: https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/air-pollution
In cities like Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Noida, AQI levels regularly fall into the poor or very poor category, especially during winter months.
Source: https://www.iqair.com/world-air-quality-report
What Makes Air Pollution So Harmful?
Air pollution is not just about dust or smoke. The most dangerous pollutants are microscopic particles known as PM2.5. These particles are small enough to enter deep into the lungs and pass into the bloodstream.
Once inside the body, they trigger inflammation and increase the risk of long-term diseases.
According to India’s Central Pollution Control Board, PM2.5 exposure is closely linked to respiratory and cardiovascular problems.
Short-Term Effects That Many People Ignore
Even short-term exposure to polluted air can cause noticeable symptoms. These include irritation in the eyes and throat, coughing, headaches, breathlessness, and worsening of asthma or allergies.
Hospitals across Indian cities have reported an increase in respiratory complaints during periods of high air pollution.
Children, elderly people, and those with existing lung or heart conditions are particularly vulnerable.
Long-Term Health Effects We Don’t Talk About Enough
The long-term effects of air pollution are far more serious.
Studies by the Indian Council of Medical Research and global health researchers show that air pollution increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even diabetes.
Source: https://www.healthdata.org/india
It also affects children’s lung development and can reduce overall life expectancy. Some studies suggest that meeting WHO air quality standards could add several years to average life expectancy in highly polluted regions.
Source: https://www.iqair.com/newsroom/india-air-quality-alert
What Is Causing So Much Pollution?
Air pollution in India comes from multiple sources. The biggest contributors include vehicle emissions, industrial activity, coal-based power plants, construction dust, and crop residue burning in northern states.
During winter, weather conditions trap pollutants closer to the ground, making the problem worse.
Source: https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/air-pollution
What Can We Do at an Individual Level?
While large-scale solutions take time, individuals can still reduce their exposure.
Checking daily AQI levels before outdoor activities helps. On high pollution days, it is better to avoid outdoor exercise and long walks. Wearing a good quality mask on very polluted days can reduce inhalation of harmful particles.
Improving indoor air quality also matters. Keeping windows closed during peak pollution hours and using air purifiers, especially in homes with children or elderly members, can help.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has issued health advisories recommending these steps.
For many people managing breathing issues, allergies, or long-term conditions made worse by pollution, access to regular medicines becomes important. Platforms like PharmAssist help patients order prescribed medicines online and stay consistent with treatment, especially on days when stepping out due to poor air quality is not advisable.
What Needs to Change at a Societal Level?
Air pollution cannot be solved by individuals alone. Strong policy measures are necessary.
The Indian government’s National Clean Air Programme aims to reduce particulate pollution across major cities, but experts agree that enforcement, coordination between states, and long-term planning are key.
Investing in public transport, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, managing construction dust, and offering alternatives to crop burning are all essential steps.
Final Thoughts
Air pollution is not just an environmental issue. It is a health crisis that affects daily life and long-term wellbeing. While systemic changes are necessary, staying informed and making small adjustments in daily habits can help protect ourselves and our families.
Clean air should not be a luxury. It is a basic requirement for good health.
